The Importance of Fire Behavior

It has been said time and time again, "You can never train too much for a job that can kill you." As we are aware, firefighting has many aspects to it. Many of these are common to every fire department, no matter their location, size, or status (career or volunteer). Other aspects are specialized areas that not all departments focus on or specialize in, such as medical, hazardous materials or technical rescue. In any case, having a sound basis in the area of “firematics” is a steppingstone to success for yourself and for your crew. We will briefly touch on key areas every firefighter should have a sound understanding and strong knowledge of. Many of these areas are touched on briefly in probationary/training school and then oftentimes, pushed aside once graduated. However, these areas are the core foundation for everything we do as firefighters and lay the groundwork for everything else we do on the fire ground. The skills of understanding these concepts, terminology and definitions is in fact, simple in theory. The difficult area is understanding the strategies and tactics behind them in order to implement those them. All good leaders and firefighters must understand these core areas of which everything else it built from. 

The areas I would like to briefly touch upon are building construction, fire behavior, reading smoke and size-up.

Building Construction

In the American Fire Service, there are five and oftentimes six different types of building construction however this may be different in various parts of the world based on the materials used to build structures. As firefighters, it is imperative that we know our enemy and know everything we can about it. Without having at least an understanding of our enemy, it becomes difficult to defeat it. In most every one of our cases, the enemy is the building structure. In order to be a successful firefighter in any capacity, on any apparatus, in any area, understanding and having a solid foundation of building construction knowledge is vital. Just as a world-class fighter study their opponent in the months leading up to a fight, us as firefighter MUST study our buildings in our areas, so we too are prepared to fight…and WIN. 

The most vital piece of information I can provide here is simple. It makes a difference in knowing the different type of structures and how to identify the differences however, what make it even more important is the ability to identify the types and how thewy will react under fire conditions while in the moment! This leads us to fire behavior. 

Fire Behavior

Fire behavior is the foundation on which all firefighter knowledge is built upon. Moreover it is our understanding of fire behavior from which we can gain an understanding of fire and how to suppress it properly. The lack of fire behavior knowledge creates an even greater risk for serious injury or death. Understanding fire behavior is truly being able to operate as a firefighter. The understanding of fire behavior is the basis for understanding fire suppression and the understanding how to properly perform other tactics such as ventilation, forcible entry on some occasions and overhaul.

As society changes or in many cases evolves, so does fire behavior. The reasoning behind this is simple - the introduction and presence of synthetic materials (also known as plastics). These materials in their solid form are petroleum- based products, therefore producing an increase in the output of thermal energy. This reasoning alone is a cause for a more rapidly spreading fire regardless of the type of structure it is in. More so than not, it is causing our enemy (the building) to have more fuel to hurt us. To understand fire behavior, it is important to understand the phases that come a long with it and it’sattributes – ignition, growth, full developed (flashover is present) and decay (back draft is likely). To understand these areas takes years of studying and training to become proficient but have the basic concepts down is a great start to proficiency in fire behavior for firefighters of all levels and experience.

With fire comes smoke. 

Reading Smoke 

An important aspect on the fireground for many reasons is understanding smoke and smoke behavior. Many clues from the smoke alone can help identify the location and status of the fire. Command and company officers, as well as firefighters, need to be able to read and interpret all of the clues while conducting their size-up upon arrival and throughout the incident.  

Here are some clues to take into consideration: potential fuel, density, color, velocity, and volume. 

Smoke is fuel. In today's world and the modern-day fire service, the products of combustion are highly toxic, flammable and potentially explosive. The smoke’s chemical composition is different at each fire due to the different fuel sources yet, one thing remains the same; smoke contains high levels of carbon monoxide.

Density identifies the thickness of the smoke, it’s level of energy and if there is a potential for a flashover or for fire spread. 

Color tells you how flammable the smoke is and what is burning.

Velocity tells us how fast or slow the smoke is moving and by doing so helps determine the location and its flow path. 

Volume on the other hand doesn’t speak to firefighters about smoke or fire but it does give firefighters the amount of fuel that is burning. By knowing how much fuel is burning, provides insight to the size and intensity of the incident.

Understanding smoke provides the fundamentals for reading and identifying changes in fire and smoke conditions in the interior or exterior of a structure, along with identifying and possibly preventing flashover or fire spread. 

Size-Up

The size-up is for all intents and purposes, our game plan or battle plan, if you will, against the structure we are working at. The size-up is where firefighters and fire officers gather information in order to make safe, efficient, and effective fireground decisions. Fireground decision making, as we know, is meant to be quick, but with an emphasis on safety and ensuring the tactics are done efficiently and effectively. This is done in three phases; the pre-incident size-up, the on-scene size-up and the after action review. All three of these have their purposes.

Pre-incident size-up allows firefighters to gather as much information as we can about the structure and in contents inside and helps guide our on-scene strategies and tactics. 

On-scene size-up is where firefighters utilize our pre-incident size-up and put it to work. This size-up is where more information is provided specific to the incident and can now confirm our findings from the pre-incident size-up. Further, this is where company operations are assigned and take place.

 After-action-review is the final stage in the pre-planning process. This is the time for firefighters and officers to discuss and share the information obtained and to discuss the success and failures experienced at the incident. It is also a time to ask a few key questions. 

• What did we expect to happen?

• What actually occurred?

• What went well and why?

• What can we improve upon and how?

The benefit of asking these questions allow for strengths to be easily identifiable and make it easier to uncover areas of weakness. By uncovering areas of weakness, you can develop ways to improve them! 

In closing, I’d like to leave you with this piece of advice. If we think of firematics as an orchestra and each piece getting broken down into sections, we can identify each area as its own unique piece yet, an integral piece to the orchestra as a whole. With practice, each section sounds in harmony and sync with one another, but without practice or even a section missing, the harmony and synchronization doesn’t happen. This is the same for firematics, you cannot have one without the others.

For further information on these topics, you can refer to my book, “The 5-Tool Firefighter” where these concepts are laid out in greater detail along with other areas of interest to guide all firefighters on their journey to success.

Until next time; work hard, stay safe and live inspired.

Benefits of Stretching

Unlike athletes firefighters and other first responders don't know when "game time" will be. It could be at 7am or it could be at 11pm but in any case we need to ensure we are at our best when the alarm goes off. As we know, we cannot predict when runs will come in and when they won't but preparation of our bodies before and during shift is just as equally as important as preparing our gear, tools and apparatus. Further, being able to wind down after runs is just as important as preparing for the shift and the potential call volume. This will help prepare the mind and body for work.

So where am I going with this?

I'm going with a focus on stretching. That's right. Stretching.

Stretching, even a short routine, added to your daily routine is a great benefit for overall health and wellness and pays off large dividends. It could be used as a pre-workout or a post-workout routine or both. Stretching can help unwind and release tension after a hectic day or even a long duration run as well as assist in increasing energy levels.

Here are some health benefits to stretching that help can keep you on the path for a long shift in the firehouse and overall better health.

1. Improves flexibility and agility which is important for all firefighters
2. Helps keep a decreased resting heart rate. A health heart is vital for all firefighters
3. Increases the circulation of blood and oxygen to the muscles
4. Helps remove waste from tissues such as lactic acid which is built up during intense exercise. Sometimes causing painful, sore muscles.
5. Helps prevent injuries
6. Increases overall mood and well-being.

Stretching at its best could be used a form of exercise for the body and mind. Keep in mind to only stretch as far as your current level of flexibility and over time the range of motion will gradually increase.

6 Stretches to do everyday to help improve flexibility, blood circulating, oxygen levels, relieve stress and tension. Do all 6, three times for 15-30 seconds each.

1. Quadricep stretch

2. Hamstring stretch

3. Calf raise

4. Spinal twist

5. Kneeling hip-flexor

6. Chest opener

Always remember, before beginning any type of exercise program to consult with your primary physician first.

Side note: As per the 2018 NFPA Journal on firefighter injuries, there was an estimated 58K plus injuries estimated in 2018 and also the lowest since the NFPA has been analyzing this data in 1981. In this report it was noted that the major type of injury during fire ground operations were strains and sprains, which accounted for 38% of all injuries while it accounted for 59% of all non-fire ground injuries.

Until next time; work hard, stay safe & live inspired.

Here’s To 2021 & Lets Go 2022!

From all of us here at The Firehouse Tribune, we would like to wish you all a very healthy and happy new year.

Thank you for all of your support and we will continue to keep the love and passion of fire service going! 

As we look back on 2021 and venture into 2022, we had many great memories of the year. We started off by welcoming our newest contributor Assistant Chief Tom Marchiano to the team and followed up with guest opportunities with a few podcasts - FIRExTalk & The 5-Alarm Task Force.

Earlier this year, we took part in a fundraising webinar hosted by The 5-Alarm Task Force and Insight Training discussing the many roles on the fire ground and how they play a role in a MAYDAY incident. This brought us connections throughout the fire service and opened us up to where we are today. 

We’ve reached the continent of Africa and worked with the Africa Fire Mission in training firefighters all across the continent of Africa from various countries on many aspects of the job. We hope to continue our work with them in the future and hopefully branch out to other parts of the world as well. 

Late this year, we released our live webinar series “The Firehouse Tribune Kitchen Table Web Series” and launched our first episode with Lt. Nick Baskerville discussing mentorship in the fire service. 

Our second episode will be Tuesday January 25, 2022 at 7p with Asst. Chief Tom Marchiano who will be discussing “Six Tips to Guide New Fire Officers”. To register click the link below. This is 100% FREE to register and participate! Registration is limited to 100 participants. 

Our founder Nick Higgins ended this year by releasing his first book “The 5-Tool Firefighter”. Available both on Amazon and the Firehouse Tribune. 

Looking forward to a blessed and healthy 2022 and let us not forget those that did not make it to 2022. May we always remember and honor these individuals through our commitment to the job and continuing to stay on the path of success, humility and leaving this gift we have each day better than we found it. 

Here’s to all of you and your families and here’s a toast saying goodbye to 2021 and let’s get it on 2022! Cheers! 🥃

Until next time; work hard, stay safe & live inspired.

Solar Panels: A New Addition to Today’s Fire Service Enemy

In a 24 hour period the sun produces enough energy to supply our planet for over four years. That’s 1,460 days of solar energy the planet received in just 24 hours. Solar energy is everywhere and the advancements in it are growing and for many reasons. It's renewable, pollution free and cuts costs of other energy sources. What's this mean for firefighters? Well it means a lot. Solar panels are popping up all over buildings and on plots of land like never before. We're noticing this by a simple placard found on the commercial structures that are now using solar energy with the letters "PV" on it. 

 “PV" which stands for photovoltaic is the method of converting solar energy into direct current electricity (DC) using semiconducting materials that exhibit the "photovoltaic effect". The "P" which stands for photo (light) and the "V" which stands for voltaic (electricity), this of which it bears its name. The PV effect is the creation of voltage or electric current in a material when exposed to light. 

In today's society, solar panels are everywhere just like truss construction is everywhere. Thus creating a need for firefighters to be aware of the dangers and understand how to attack fires with PV systems. 

For firefighters to be safe and operate efficiently on the fireground, there are a few critical steps we must take to ensure the solar panels are accounted for and in check. Do not begin fire suppression until these first 2 steps have been completed.

• 360 Size-up: This is a no-brainer. By performing a 360 size-up upon arrival, firefighters are able to possibly locate the panels or the energy storage system (ESS) if the panels are on the roof or an area without access to at the time. Most of the time depending on jurisdictional building codes, the ESS panels are located on the exterior of the structure normally near the utilities, the garage or the basement, should the structure have one.

• Treat this as an electrical fire and turn off the systems starting with the utility grid. The main breaker box will activate the backup battery and run the risk of electrical shock to interior firefighters in the structure. If the battery is located in a confined space in the structure and exposed to heat above 150 degrees Fahrenheit, it is imperative that ventilation of that space begins.

Once the size-up has taken place with the panels and/or ESS located along with fire suppression taking place, ventilations needs to begin. However, firefighters and command need to understand that if the panels are located on the roof and are burning, there is a potential for collapse based on the volume of fire around the panels and on the roof. 

 When performing ventilation, especially vertical ventilation, firefighters must recognize that electricity is being produced by the panels 24 hours a day. 

• Once these steps have taken place, fire suppression can now continue. As a safety precaution, firefighters should try and extinguish the fire at a minimum of 20 feet away when using a straight stream or a minimum of 5 feet when using a fog pattern.

• After the fire has been knocked, overhaul can begin - carefully.

Panel safety

Firefighters should be careful not to touch any of the panels in case of any damage done to them during the fire. Instead, firefighters should cover the panels with canvas tarps, especially at night due to no sunlight exposure to them. The reason panels should be covered during night operations is due to the wires running through the conduit to the charge controller or inverter which continues providing the panels power. 

Battery safety

If the battery was the source of the fire, continual water flow to the extinguished battery is important to keep the battery cool and from the possibility of obtaining a chemical reaction causing a thermal runaway. Should a thermal runaway occur, the temperature inside the battery will reach the point that causes a chemical reaction inside the battery. This reaction produces more heat and drives the temperature of the battery higher, causing further chemical reactions and more heat. In thermal runaway, the battery cell temperature will rise in milliseconds and release suddenly. The chain reaction will reach temperatures of around 752 degrees Fahrenheit and produce gassing of the battery along with fire. 

Burns tests have shown that lithium-ion batteries can produce these chemical reactions 72 hours after extinguishment. 

 As technology changes, firefighters need to be educated and trained on all of the new advancements in the market today. By doing so, firefighters can continue to develop a proactive approach to new technology when responding to incidents. Solar panels may not be completely new to us but the growth of them in residential and commercial structures has rapidly increased over the years. Today, it is nearly impossible to not catch a glimpse of solar panels on almost every street across the country. Stay diligent to the advancements in the world and continue to keep training and getting after it.

 Until next time; work hard, stay safe & live inspired.

Firehouse Pride is More Than a Phrase. It’s a Way of Life.

According to Websters Dictionary, pride is defined as “the quality or state of being proud”. This term pride has been thrown around a lot in the fire service and in firehouses and for good reasons.

Since I joined the fire service many years ago, it was ingrained in me to mop the floors when dirty, take out the trash when the can was full and ensure the kitchen, living quarters and bathrooms were spotless.

We make sure our apparatus, our PPE and tools are kept in working order so when the bell rings, we’re ready to go. We train as hard and as often as we can, so when we arrive on scene we can perform like championship athletes ready to go on the big stage under the lights. When we meet the public, we make sure our uniforms are squared away and we look like a unified well oiled machine in hopes of making an impression on the children who want to emulate us one day.

Why do we do all of this? I’ll tell you. For the love of the job. For those we answer the call with each and every day. For these men and women are no longer strangers from all walks of life but forever family. For the service to the residents of the community. For those who laid the ground work before us to make this firehouse more than a house because in the end, this place isn’t a house it’s a home. In the end, this is pride. This is firehouse pride.

Until next time; work hard, stay safe & live inspired.

Do We Just Say the Words or Do We Live By Them?

The fire service means a lot of different things to different people. There are the “adrenaline junkies,” who love to hear the bells hit, the sirens scream and the lights start flashing. There are the “probies,” new to the job or department, who are excited to be a part of the fire service, but as of yet, do not have a great deal of knowledge. Then there are  those with their five-to-ten-year-careers, who are used to the calls and the firehouse routines. And finally, there are the veterans, with anywhere from ten-to-thirty years of service. Yet no matter which of these levels you find  yourself, there is one word that is used around the firehouse, probably only second to, “food,” and that word is “family.”

No matter the type of department you belong to, career, volunteer, part-pay or WUI, no doubt that you have not only heard the word, “family” used many times in the firehouse, but you have used it yourself. In some ways, the word holds true; some of us spend almost every shift as 24-on/48-off. Others spend a volunteer shift a couple of times a week. And some, camp in the wilderness, just to grab a bite to eat and a couple of hours of sleep, before fighting the wildland “red devil” early the next morning…again. 

All of this makes for a great amount of time being spent together. We train, we learn, we eat, relax, and often sleep (or try to) together. Almost sounds like a real family. And of course, related words often used are “brother” and “sister.” Moreover, we refer to other firefighters, even those we have never met, as “family.” 

The question is, in our hearts, on an everyday basis, do we see our own fellow firefighters, truly as family or only when we believe they have risen to an artificial level that we have pre-set within our own judgmental minds? There is an old idiom in the fire service; the two things that firefighters detest most are change and status quo. Thus, a new probie, a rookie, a new volunteer or a WUI, often are forced to prove him/herself, before be accepted by the existing members. Yet did not each and every one of us, take almost the same oath, “To protect lives and property?”

Nevertheless, many of these fresh, new members and even temporary transfers are welcomed to the station or crew as “ghosts;” treated either as non-existent or as outsiders until they prove themselves. And ask yourself this, “Who do they have to prove themselves to?” You? Because you have eighteen months on the job? Or you, because you do not believe that a women is capable of being a terrific firefighter? Or you, because you are the senior member of the “house” and every rookie must “prove” themselves to you?

Let us re-visit the word, family. If you have an older sibling, did your parents ask that sibling if he/she would “allow” them to bring another child into the family? If you are an older sibling, did your parents ask your permission to have another child? Get my point?

While we will all agree that every able-bodied, man or woman will need to learn a great deal, above and beyond what was learned in rookie school, in his/her newly assigned station, department, etc., I posit that this additional knowledge should have nothing to do with whether they are considered family or not. If they took the oath and received their badge, they are indeed, family. 

Unfortunately, far too many firefighters, of every rank, all too often want to test the rookies, not about true fire duties, responsibilities and/or tactics, but by denigrating them, forcing them to perform all the menial tasks of a firehouse, over and over again; perhaps to the point where he/she might resign. And when they do, those in that firehouse continue to besmirch them, with negative comments, e.g., “He couldn’t even wash the floor,” “She always complained when we made her do ‘toilet duty,” etc. 

Is this how we treat “family.” When your uncle from Europe, whom you have only heard about and never met, finally comes to the U.S. to visit, will you treat him like the stranger and foreigner he is to you? Or will you welcome him and sit with him to learn about his life in his country? Or will you order him to clean the 2-1/2 bathrooms in your home and take out all the garbage and recycling, twice a week?

When I used to travel overnight for my former profession, I would always find some time to make my way and visit a local firehouse. I would knock on the door, ring the bell, or walk up to an open bay door. I would show them my ID and badge. And from that moment on, in over fifty visits, I was always treated a “brother” firefighter. Often times, I would even be able to run a call with them. However, while I would always offer to buy-in to a firehouse meal, I was never required to clean the bays, toilets, kitchen, etc., to “qualify” as a member of the fire service family. Moreover, I would always volunteer to help with meals, even offered and cooked a few, help clean-up after the meal, even helped clean a rig that returned after a call. 

Why? For me, the answer was simple. Before I joined my first combo department as a volunteer, I was a young man from suburban Boston, who lived a comfortable middle-class life and had worked, one way or another, since age twelve. I had not even planned on being a firefighter. 

In this combo department, I was welcomed with open arms. A bit strange back then (in the mid-1970’s), as, a young eighteen-year-old man I met the night of our vote, (and who is still my best friend today) were the first two people of the Jewish faith to ever apply for membership. And for some of the members, we were the first Jewish people that had ever met! Nevertheless, we were welcomed warmly, accepted by all, and immediately included in all of the station life. I did not have to prove myself for other firefighters to shake my hand. Many that night, asked if I had experience and offered assistance any time I wanted to learn something. 

Sure, I attended as many drills as my full-time job allowed and, if I did miss a drill, I would always pair up with whoever the caretaker was on the following Saturday or Sunday and learn what I missed. There was one of the caretakers, who wanted to mentor my new friend and I and told us so. He saw our eagerness to learn and he wanted to be sure we learned correctly, so that we would be an asset to any crew on an apparatus, responding to a call. 

More than a mentor, the three of us soon became fast friends, as did our families. As a matter of fact, it truly was the fire department’s Women’s Auxiliary that truly brought the word, “family” to have strong meaning in our department. Frequently, family celebrations were held at the firehouse and every paid and volunteer family was invited. 

Nice scene, correct? Now ask yourself, do you have that same family atmosphere with your crew, station and/or department? Does your department have this “atmosphere?” Does a new arrival receive a warm greeting from all on his/her first day? Or do you maintain a fraternity/sorority mindset that the “newbie” has to prove his/her worth?

And this has nothing to do with training new recruits. Every firefighter-recruit must go through proper and ongoing training, as should every firefighter! However, training should have no bearing on how the new recruit or even a transfer firefighter is treated. 

Today, in 2021, we are all too aware of the told that the stress, the trauma, the tragedies we have seen, all take a toll on our behavioral health, whether you are willing to admit or not! For most fire-rescue personnel, you cannot and probably will not go through your career without being exposed to some of the worst of life, trauma, tragedy, death, dismemberment, etc. Yet, many firefighters believe they are obligated to stifle those emotions. Now, years later, we see both the physical and mental toll of trying to hide the horror.

Juxtapose that with our treatment of our fellow firefighters, be they rookies, or those with less than five or so years under their belts. Would you condone the abuse of probies, just because they are new to the culture, as you would condone the abuse of your child attending a new school for the first day? And please, do not insult me or yourself by justifying such abuse as, “…just kidding around!”

If a firefighter who lives three-thousand miles away from you, needs financial assistance, how would you know about it? And if you did, what would you do about it? On the other hand, if one of your own brothers or sisters, who lived those same three thousand miles away, needed help, what would you do? 

If your answer is, “Well, he’s my real brother and he needs my help!” then you really do not understand or cannot comprehend what this word, “family” means to the fire service. Why was the term even used in the fire service?

In its earliest days, from the bucket-brigades to Ben Franklin’s first volunteer fire department and beyond, the word “family” was used because sons often followed their fathers’ examples. If the father was on the bucket brigade or a volunteer firefighter, the oldest son did the same, when he came of age. And the next one and one after that. Thus, that group or department had a true family tradition connected to it. As we progressed into the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and the number of both volunteer and career departments grew, we saw similar traditions. Multiple members of the same family, working for or with the same department as other family members, brought out the concept of the firefighting family. And while we can probably be assured that there was often, good-hearted joking around, the sense of family was never lost. 

What about today? Who are you? How do you welcome and approach new recruits? How do you interact with them? Are we so overconfident that we truly believe we have a “right” to cajole, tease and punish a new recruit? “They deserve it,” I have seen on a social media post. 

If we are going to use the word “family” for those who willingly face the dangers and scenes that we would not want anyone else to see, then we damn well better live a “family” life, both inside and outside the fire service.

About the Author

Steven S. Greene, is a former volunteer firefighter/EMT, having served four years in Guilford County NC and four year in Onondaga County NY, before a previous injury ended his career. 

In 2016, Steve created the podcast, “5-Alarm Task Force.” With listeners in nearly 40 countries, his guest list includes the late Chief Alan Brunacini, Chief Dennis Rubin, Chief Bobby Halton, Chief Tim Sendelbach, Peter Matthews, Commissioner Adam Thiel, and many others. The podcast/webcast is now in its sixth season.

20 Years Remembered

Twenty years ago our lives changed forever. In minutes, millions of American’s and others around the world witnessed the horrific attacks on the World Trade Center Towers in Lower Manhattan, the attack on the Pentagon in Virginia and the crash of United Flight 93 in PA.

At 08:46AM to 10:28AM, the world witnessed tragedy, sadness, fear and angry. The one thing we never lost was hope. As families of thousands would never be the same again from those losing mothers, fathers, son & daughters to wives, husbands, brothers & sisters, we never lost hope. Hope gave us a sense of comfort that we can get through this better and stronger than before. Hope that would unite us and bring us together like never before. Hard to think this all happened 2 decades ago. On a day as similar as today. Blue skies with cool temperature in the NY/NJ area indicating fall is right around the corner.

A lot has happened over these last 20 years, good and bad but one thing remained…hope. Our hope for today is different. Our hope today is to pray we never lose sight of those who perished on that fateful morning and those affected in the days, months and years after. Our hope is we keep honoring and remembering these men and women from all walks of life, race, religion and creed by continuing to keep their memories alive for generations years to come.

As first responders, it is our duty to honor and remember the firefighters, police, EMTs, paramedics and all those men & women who sacrificed their lives that day and those that lost their lives thereafter. Honor these men and women through actions not solely our words. Words come and go but action adds meaning. Honor them through dedication to our job. Continue to train hard, treat each other with respect and never lose sight of why we do what we do each and every time the bell goes off and each and every time we put on the uniform and walk out that door.

When we answer the alarm, we do it for those who came before us and for those who will be following in our footsteps.

On this 20th anniversary of September 11th, remember why you do what you do and dedicate ways to make yourself better than yesterday. If not for anything else but do it for those who gave their lives for it.

Until next time; work hard, stay safe & live inspired.

Special Operations: Calling the right units

First things first, I hope this article finds everyone and their families healthy and safe; we are without a doubt in a unique period of our lives.

I want to touch on the benefit of specialized units for special operations on the fire ground. Technical rescue, RIT or FAST teams, and water rescue teams are just a few unique units that may be used for different situations. The command staff must understand the reasoning for calling these individual teams. To operate safely and get the job done correctly, you want to have the right crew with the proper training.

Technical rescue incidents such as building or trench collapse, confined space, high-angle rescue, heavy rigging, or machinery rescue don't happen too often, especially in smaller towns and cities. When calls like these come into your department, the officer in command should already know where to get additional resources who specialize in the specific operation. Most counties have either a county-wide technical rescue team or a handful of departments, or even one department specializing in technical rescue. This isn't me saying your department shouldn't attempt to make rescues in these situations. However, this is me saying there is no shame in calling for additional help from specialized teams.

Like technical rescue, water rescue is also one of those operations that most departments don't see too often. When it comes to water rescue, you may see more departments with specialized training and or equipment for these types of operations. Talk to them, see if they're willing to be automatically dispatched to incidents in your area that may require water rescue. If you don't want them to be automatically sent, familiarize yourself with what equipment they have to offer so you know if you need them, you can call them.

This doesn't just go for TRT or water rescues. A firefighter down can also be considered a special operation. Most departments not only often train in firefighter removal but also take classes on the topic. In my personal opinion, if your department is operating at a fire, call in an additional department to act as the RIT or FAST. When a firefighter goes down, you want a fresh crew to be able to get him out. Having a FAST on scene waiting helps assure the unit is fresh and ready to work, not fatigued from operating on scene.

I want to reiterate that I'm not writing to tell departments not to use their staffing on these incidents. When you have the guys with the proper training, situations can operate smoother and safer, assuring the victim and the first responders go home. A message to training officers and chiefs, there are plenty of companies out there that you can bring in for training opportunities to assist with these topics. If you're a smaller department and can't always afford to bring in outside training, talk to the nearest special operations team near you, see if they can provide training for your department.

I'm always open to talk shop! Stay safe, and don't forget to enjoy time with loved ones; as mentioned earlier, we're in a unique period, don't take time with friends and family for granted! As always, feel free to reach out to me on Twitter @MarchianoTomor Instagram @Firemantom193.

Photo Credit: FF Billy Morrissey, Arlington Fire Department

Avoid Regression

In order to be successful we must be adaptable. We must adapt to changes around us personally and we must adapt to the changes in the environment. As firefighters, change is something we don’t necessarily like although we necessarily need. This is how growth happens. Without change and without adapting, we are rooted and staying still.

As the world around us is growing, is changing and is evolving, standing still and doing nothing is therefore a regression.

By allowing regression to take place, we’ve allowed ourselves to become weak. Our skills have begun to diminish and our experience is no longer valid.

If we think about all of the changes the fire service has experienced in the last 20-30 years, standing still and limited our growth is a hindrance to us and those we work with and those we protect.

The advancements in everything from building construction, fire flow, and PPE to our equipment on our rigs and advancements in fire service technology along with the changes in society has proven that we can no longer get by with the bare minimum. It has told us that it is time to evolve with these changes not just for ourselves but for the firefighters we are leaving this to in years to come.

By standing still and not adapting and evolving we are regressing.

Until next time; work hard, stay safe & live inspired

Preconnect & Static Handlines

Training. Pre planning. Apparatus knowledge. Crew Size. Crew limitations. 360 size up. Location of structure off the street. Location of fire (if known). All these and more play a role in deciding your initial attack line. It also plays a role in choosing a preconnect line vs. the static line or both. Both have their advantages and their disadvantages. For this discussion, we are not getting into hose sizes such as 1 3/4- inch vs. 2 1/2-inch but rather the 1 3/4-inch preconnect vs. the 1 3/4-inch static lay. I've outlined a few areas of consideration that should be looked at when making this decision.

1. Estimate the stretch. The majority of single family dwellings have average sidewalks of 5 feet wide with driveways of 12 feet wide by 25 feet long for a single vehicle and 20 feet wide by 25 feet long for double vehicles. This also implies the entry door is approximately 25 to 30 feet from the curb as well. Knowing these dimensions along with knowing the total length of the preconnect line (normally 200 feet) will help dictate which line should be pulled based on the location of the fire.

2. Setback houses. Above I mentioned dimensions for the standard single family home when estimating a stretch. Setback houses however, play to a different tune. What we would call a routine stretch of a preconnect may not necessarily work due to the feet from the curb to the door yet if it does, it could cause the initial line to come up short of the fire. In cases like this, consider using a static line as additional lengths to ensure a smooth initial stretch to reach the seat of the fire.

3. Backyard fires. Nowadays, people have outdoor kitchens and other living areas built into their backyards making it their own "island oasis" at home and others have storage sheds full of gas powered tools and appliances which are usually towards the far back of the yard. This could be a situation for considering a preconnect along with a static line to make the stretch. Again, this all depends on the initial estimate, location of fire and any obstacles that could cause a standard 200 feet of preconnect to come up short.

4. Garden Apartments & 3-4 story buildings. Depending on the area you're in, these may already have a standpipe. Yet older style garden apartments most like will not. Depending on the location and size of the fire as well as the stairwells will help dictate your line selection as well as if additional lines need to be added for maximum reach. One line to the door, one line per floor and another to cover the area.

5. Additional Lines. The main priority of the backup line is to back up the initial attack line should they run into any problems. What also are priorities after providing support to the initial line is to protect the stairways and means of egress along with protecting the truck company performing ventilation and search operations (most likely a job for a third line). A good practice to consider for this operation, is to advance a line that is at minimum equal in diameter to the initial attack line or go one size larger. As most engines are set up, the 2 preconnects are the same in diameter and in length yet by adding an additional length off the static line, this will allow for greater advantage especially in larger occupancies, multi dwellings and should the backup line need to assist the search team on a floor above. Should a third be needed, it's best place to enter a structure is through a side or back door to keep the main egress door free from obstructions should a rescue need to take place or for crews and residents to exit the structure.

These 5 considerations are only a few of many considerations that can be made when considering a preconnect over a static or should there be a need to utilize both lines in a hybrid fashion. Remember, always train on the ideas first before putting them to work and most importantly - know your district, know your crew, their capabilities and know your engine.

Until next time; work hard, stay safe & live inspired.

Building TRUST

When it’s time to get to work, it is imperative we can trust the crews inside to do their job and to make smart logical situational base thinking. We can begin this process through training with each other all the while learning each other’s strengths and weaknesses. Far too often firefighters tend to freelance or lose sight of their responsibilities due to their unwillingness to work with fellow firefighters. One reason for this is a lack of trust in their fellow firefighters but ultimately a lack of trust in themselves. Here are a few ways we can built that TRUST in our crews.

1. The kitchen table sets the tone. Nothing builds camaraderie and getting to know each other than sitting around a table breaking bread. Understanding each other as individuals helps set the tone for understanding each other as fellow firefighters on a crew.

2. Train WITH each other not AT each other. No matter the rank, experience level or responsibility, training with each other to learn your role and your fellow firefighters roles helps build strength and trust in each other which overtime develops trust and understanding. For days of short staffing, knowing and understanding others roles will play huge dividends in their absence.

3. Share experiences but listen to each other’s experiences. It’s wonderful to share experiences but it’s another thing to listen to others experiences. By sharing and listening to each other, it helps build a common ground with the crew. As time goes, these experiences will develop into training scenarios and give each other a chance to show leadership and also demonstrate strengths and weaknesses.

4. Treat each as equals. No one and absolutely no one is bigger or better than the crew and it’s integrity. Remember to always treat each other with respect as firefighters, individuals and that their role on the fire ground absolutely matters.

In the end nothing can replace trust if trust is broken. Trust is easy to break and very hard to put back together. Trust in yourself and trust in your crew leads to success. If nothing else, remember this one thing - fight and argue but when shit gets real they will be with you in the fight.

Until next time; work hard, stay safe & live inspired.

New Year New Position

The beginning of a new year often brings transition in the fire service. So before I begin, let me congratulate you on your new position. You're now a boss, the guy riding the front seat making decisions. It's more than just playing with the sirens and sitting upfront; your decisions not only impact your crew but the outcome of the incident. Whether you got your new officer position by vote, promotional exam, or appointment, there are a few simple things you can do to make your job a little easier.

STUDY UP

Just because you've reached an officer's position doesn't mean you know it all. Training should never stop; the fire service is constantly changing. Train with your company and show the crew you're not scared to engage in drills, whether hands-on or round table discussion. I've learned that the higher you move up the ranks, the fewer hands-on courses you're taking. You 100% still need to take hands-on training courses; however, it's time to start looking into the lectures. Classes focus on being an officer, such as fire officer, instruction, building construction, incident command system, and fire investigation. These courses all include officer development and will make you a better officer.

Goals

Something simple yet effective set a goal list. No one likes a new officer who comes in trying to rule with an iron fist. In fact, you should never rule with an iron fist, but you should try to better your company and department. Think about your position, and set realistic goals over a span of time. Start small and work your way up to bigger goals. No one needs to know your goal list. Keep it to yourself as motivation to leave the job better than how you found it.

Build relationships

A lot of firefighters have social media pages that you can use to your benefit. Check their pages, read their articles, and reach out to them with any questions; I promise they will help you out. Fellow officers in your department or surrounding area are also great for feedback. When you are on mutual runs or even fire department functions, build relationships, introduce yourself. Training doesn't always have to come from classes. It can come from discussions with people you meet. So build relationships with other firefighters and talk about the job with them.

Senior Man

In addition to using peers in the same position as you, utilize the senior man. Often the senior man is the chauffer of the rig, which is great for responding to incidents. When I was in my first year as a lieutenant, our senior man was my go-to guy for advice. Often, when responding to a call and dispatch would update us, I could look over to my left, and he would guide me into making the right decision on what to do next. Sometimes the senior man is riding the backstep and can be useful to you with on-scene operations. Just because you're in an officer's position doesn't mean it's above you to ask for advice. They'rethe senior guys for a reason, they've been around, and they've seen a thing or two, so use them as a resource.

In closing, I would like to bring up a few more things to remember. Always remain professional; now you're in the eye of not only commissioners and chiefs but the public. Just because you're an officer doesn't mean you still can't be a friend. You have to know when to separate the two. I wish I used this advice in the early stages of my officer ranks, but I've used it over the last few years, I've talked to other officers, and I feel it's made me a better officer today. My social media info is at the bottom of this article. Feel free to drop me a message; I'm more than willing to share ideas and hopefully learn new ideas as well! Stay safe!

"Learn every day, and use what you learn."

Twitter: @MarchianoTom

Instagram: Firemantom193

Happy Holidays

It goes without saying 2020 has been one of the toughest years in recent memory. It affected millions of people, some more than others. A lot of people lost not only jobs but loved ones due to the Covid-19 Pandemic.

Although most medical or emergency service fields kept their jobs, it didn't come without sacrifice. Many working directly with Covid-19 patients were scared to bring it home to their families. This lead to living in hotels for days or weeks at a time, keeping a distance from loved ones, or simply just working long hours that kept them away from home.

Often, an emergency service profession already faces its employees with depression and PTSD. Even worse this year, you were essentially forced to take it on alone if you suffer from it. More covid cases called for longer shifts and less time for self-care and loved ones. Sporting events, gyms, vacations, Broadway musicals, all things people enjoy doing to reset and relax their minds, were all taken away this year. People were forced to find alternatives to reset and relax their minds. Some were able to do so, and unfortunately, some were not.

If you take any life lesson from 2020, don't take anything for granted and appreciate what you have. As we begin to get into the heart of the holiday season, we must be thankful for what we do have. If you were lucky enough not to be as affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, remember those who have been. The smallest deed could change someone's life. There are plenty of ways to help out local families in need. Many local groups may provide an "adopt-a-family" project; you can donate to a local charity that helps a family or my personal favorite, "Toys-for-tots." It may not help with families' necessary items, but it does help make sure children have something to open on Christmas Morning.

Always try to look for the positive in situations. This holiday season, I see more houses decorated in my town than in previous years. That may sound like something that's not pertinent to this, but maybe for some, that's a sign of normalcy. Maybe a decorated block of houses can brighten someone's day. There is so much negativity on social media and TV, and it feels like that's all that's out there. Believe me; there is still plenty of good out there. We'll get through this together just as we got through anything else.

2021 will be a chance for us as emergency service workers and, more importantly, as humans to reset and begin fresh. I'd like to wish everyone and their families a happy and safe holiday season. I'll be working on some more fire-related articles for 2021 and very thankful to the firehouse tribune for the opportunity to do so. Until then, again, enjoy your holiday season and take care of each other. We're all on the same team.

Masonry Walls & Tie-Rods

Understanding building construction is integral for all firefighters however, knowing and identifying aspects of building construction and how it plays part in the buildings overall makeup is even more vital. Looking at a brick wall to some, is well just a brick wall. To others, looking at a brick wall is much more. So what is it? A brick wall or is this wall telling a story?

 The brick wall to firefighters is in fact telling a story. In fact, these walls are known as masonry walls and in this case for our discussion, "load bearing" masonry walls. The construction of these walls began in the 1700s and ended around the mid-1900s. These walls built with stones, bricks, cement blocks or concrete blocks were designed to carry the weight that is transferred from the roof top to the buildings foundation. 

 Ever notice the stars or other subtle designs on masonry walls which are spaced strategically on the wall mainly in rows? These are commonly referred to as "reinforcing stars" or "anchor plates".

 Here are some reasons for the use of this "décor" on masonry walls. 

1. Building Stabilization. These were added to buildings during the late 19th century and early 20th century, these were used to connect and support tie rods in order to stabilize the building.

2. Visibility. Not all of these plates are visible from the street. Sometimes, these plates are hidden behind facades or not retrofitted to the walls leaving the exposed tie rods or cables nestled between the brick and mortar. In these instances, take note during pre plan and during the initial fire ground size up.

3. Fire Conditions and Collapse. These rods are known to fail under most fire conditions causing a collapse of the structure or parts of the structure.

4. Structural Integrity. Not all of these tie rods and plates were retrofitted as the building aged. In some instances, these tie rods and plates were installed during the construction of the building to give the building added integrity. 

So a brick wall isn't just a brick wall, it has many components such as the 1 we just spoke about. Take time during your next pre plan and identify these plates on the structures should you have any in your jurisdiction. Understand and be comfortable with identifying key indicators in building construction. Keep in mind the role plates and tie rods play in possible building collapse should they fail under fire conditions. Remember a brick wall isn't just a brick wall, it's telling a story of what's behind it. 

Until next time; work hard, stay safe & live inspired.

Morale in the Volunteer Fire Service

If you're an officer of a volunteer fire department, you've most likely read articles and sat in lectures about gaining membership. It's a topic that a lot of volunteer firehouses deal with. Let's fast forward to the part where they already joined; how do you keep them not only active but interested.   

I'm an officer of a volunteer department about an hour north of New York City. We're lucky enough to have a good number of members who are dedicated to the fire service and enjoy doing it. None of this came without hard work. A department that's constantly running fires, pin jobs, and rescue calls may have a good chance at keeping members interested. However, that's not the case with us. We are one of the county's busier departments; our district covers everything from rural areas, apartment complexes, strip malls, a state highway, and even a large industrial complex. Sounds like a recipe for a lot of work. For the most part, the potential is all there, but it's usually filled with fire alarms, minor motor vehicle accidents, and food on the stove. Now you never want to see someone or their property in danger; this makes it tough to keep members interested. 

Training is an excellent way to keep members involved. The volunteer service has members with zero experience to members with forty plus years; you have to accommodate both. Doing drills that strictly focus on basic skills is great for new members but becomes repetitive for those with more experience. A "new members academy" is a great way to retain younger members. In my department, we just started an "academy" consisting of 8 nights with a basic topic set for each. Although the course is technically opened to anyone in the department, it is designed for newer members who want to learn the basics among similar skill levels. Newer members tend to do better in their own environment where they don't feel embarrassed by asking questions in front of senior firefighters. 

Cant do something for the newer firefighters and not for the more experienced, right? There are plenty of companies or instructors willing to come in and teach more advanced skill level classes. I understand some departments may not be able to budget training like that. Use your resources around you to reach out and see what they can offer. Many times, businesses are willing to allow you to walk through the building or even have an employee touch on special circumstances that firefighters must follow. Nothing like that? Utilize your officers, have an extrication drill but add some spice to it. Instead of a basic extrication, maybe set up an imaginary scenario where the vehicle is down an embankment with entrapment. Instead of basic ground ladders, maybe work on victim removal from a ground ladder. You can perform countless more advanced scenarios at your own firehouse; you must utilize resources and think of what can happen in your district. 

Do you want to keep members of all age levels involved? Build em' up! Firefighting is a team sport, and encouragement goes a long way. No one in the firehouse should be tearing anyone down. Encourage your members to train, encourage them on the fire scene, and make sure you let them know when they do a good job. No one wants to go to a place where they're not feeling appreciated, especially if they're not getting a paycheck. Do projects around the firehouse; it's everyone's home, and they should be able to feel apart of it. My firehouse lacked a ready room; members of all ages got together and updated an old gear room into a ready room. There was a sense of pride among the membership, and gave us all a reason to work together and boost morale. 

Now I'm sure most volunteer departments use these ideas already. I'm not an expert on morale, and this wasn't written to boost my own department; it's just information I'd thought I'd share with officers who may be looking to keep morale up or try to boost it. The fire service is all about sharing information, and I'm always looking to discuss new ways to improve the service; you can find me on Twitter @MarchianoTom feel free to drop me a message!

Saws on the Engine

All fire apparatus carry a plethora of tools to assist us on the jobs. Saws are one of them, even on an engine. When we think engine company we don’t think of saws but there comes a time where the truck company may not be available or on scene and time is critical. 

Here are a few uses for saws as an engine company.

1. Forcible Entry. Not all the time will it be as simple as forcing the door with the irons or other hands tools. Sometimes, we may face instances of security gates around doors and windows that are needed for entry or ventilation. Other times, it could be commercial or residential garage doors. Nine out of ten times, your primary response district has commercial and/or residential garage doors. 

2. Ventilation and roof operations. Just like engines carry saws, they also carry ladders. As mentioned, the truck company may be delayed or unavailable at the moment and roof or exterior wall cuts might be needed. This operation could be done by the second arriving engine on scene as the first had pulled the initial attack line and truck work is needed without the availability of a truck. This isn't the primary work of an engine company but some situations or department protocols may require this to take place.

3. Engine compartment access on car fires.  Depending on the situation sometimes getting to the engine compartment isn't has simple as using a halligan to pop hood latch. Sometimes it may take some extra power and a rotary saw might be the best option to get to the latch in order to make a knock on the fire.

4. A backup saw. Sometimes saws fail. No matter how many times it's been checked and maintained mechanical tools sometimes fail, whether it be caused by human error or a mechanical failure, things don't always work when they are needed to work.

There you have it, a few quick uses for saws on the engine. Oftentimes, they're overlooked but should be a valuable tool should the situation call for it.

Until next time; work hard, stay safe & live inspired.

Naming that Awful Feeling as Grief

First responders deal with tragedies on a daily basis, and they must develop a level of emotional distance from the events to be professional. Although distance is a helpful coping mechanism in the short term, long term it can be harmful to the individual. Becoming emotionally distant from unfolding situations can cut off the grieving process.

We can grieve over any change, tragic or personal, it doesn’t just happen when someone dies. Changes in our daily routine, the loss of a friendship, the loss of what we thought was going to happen and suddenly cannot. Right now most of us are going through some sort of change to what was our “normal” way of life because of COVID-19 restrictions. We can name some of those uneasy feelings as grief.

Grief is an emotion many of us try to avoid or minimize. Grieving is not comfortable, so we try to move on quickly to more pleasant emotions. The truth is — we need to grieve as the emotion hits us. If we suppress the grief, other aspects of our lives can be affected.

Constant suppression of grief can lead to emotional distance in other relationships, physical symptoms of depression, as well as other physical ailments. Erich Fromm wrote, “To spare oneself from grief at all costs can be achieved only at the price of total detachment, which excludes the ability to experience happiness.”

Certainly, a level of detachment is necessary when exposed to tragic or emotional events, but complete detachment from any pain or hurt is not desirable. It can lead to larger problems, physically and mentally. Naming the loss of activities and events as grief can help you move forward.

If you are grieving a loss of events, a person, after a tragic event:

• Keep a personal journal of your feelings. Write about what you miss whether it is a person or event.

• Find a friend or group of friends to talk to regularly and share your experiences.

• Seek out a professional counselor/therapist who can help you move through the grief experience.

• Give yourself permission to feel the emotion.

• Consult one of the many resources available on grief.

It’s normal to be upset and feel down after a time of loss or tragedy. It can take up to five years to fully process the death of a loved one. We never “get over” the feeling of loss, but we do reach a point where the grief isn’t all consuming.

Grieving is a normal emotion. It is normal to feel lonely, cry and question the meaning of life. But, if you are experiencing lingering problems at work and/or at home, you may be experiencing depression.

Signs of depression include: a change in weight, difficulty sleeping, or a general sense of helplessness. Depression is treatable, but you must see a doctor.

During a time of loss and grief, treat yourself well. Don’t set unrealistic personal goals. Take time for yourself: Take a walk, work out, treat yourself to something that brings you joy, play a game of basketball, rent a funny movie, take a drive.

Remember, the people you care about want to help you through this time. Let them know how they can help. Above all, take care of yourself.

For further reading visit:

http://www.grief-recovery.com – A grief support blog

http://www.silentgrief.com – Support for all who have suffered miscarriage and later child loss

http://www.pet-loss.net – Support after the loss of a pet.

https://good-grief.org – Resources and programs

“On Death and Dying” by Elisabeth Kubler-Ross

**Part of this article originally appeared in the Southern Newspaper Publishers Association Newsletter in 2004

Disclaimer: This website is for information purposes only. By providing the information contained herein we are not diagnosing, treating, curing, mitigating, or preventing any type of disease or medical condition. Before beginning any type of natural, integrative or conventional treatment regimen, it is advisable to seek the advice of a licensed healthcare professional.

To learn more and for more information please visit: https://dorielgriggs.com/

Bad Habits Good Firefighters

There’s a saying “bad habits kill good people” and sadly enough, it’s the truth. As humans we are creatures of habit and when in doubt or in times of uncertainty, we tend to go back to what we are comfortable with, right, wrong or indifferent. As we know and probably many have experienced including myself, reverting back to comfort zones could sometimes be an unsafe act.  An example of this is letting your guard down on what we call “routine calls” or “frequent flyers”. What we tend to do is not be as mentality prepared or physically equipped with the right tools should the situation take a turn in the wrong direction. This is due to the repetitive false alarm calls to the same location numerous times or various locations with no change and often times all too frequently.

In turn what does this do? This begins the creation of complacency and molding good firefighters into developing bad habits. Let’s break the habit.

1. Keep it fresh. Start each day with a clean slate. What happened in the past is the past. Start fresh and learn from yesterday.

2. Do not allow to be around those who sugarcoat your faults. Listen to those around you and determine what’s valuable and what can be discarded. 

3. Enjoy the process instead of focusing on the outcome. Preparation is your key to success. How to prepare and how your train will get you to your outcome. However, your preparation and training should be focused on what you want your outcome to be.

4. Continually learn and advance yourself and those you work with. This keeps the mind fresh and keeps the team building and morale at a plus. 

5. Finally. Rest and recharge.

Habits good or bad can have long last effects on us and how we perform. Keep your days fresh with new ideas and don’t allow what we always done deter you from getting the job done. In the end, people call us at their most needed time and we need to be at our very best.

Until next time; work hard, stay safe & live inspired.

Anger Management and First Responders

Anger management. Yes, it’s the title of a movie starring Adam Sadler and Jack Nicholson, but it is also a big problem in our society. Do a Google search for “Anger Management” and you’ll get over 262,000,000 hits. Most of these sites don’t have anything to do with the movie.

Anger is a natural emotion. It can be a healthy emotion to express. In the work environment however it is a hard emotion to process. Working in a time sensitive and at times dangerous industry only increases the likelihood of anger increasing on the job. Emergencies, equipment failures, and a variety of personalities on a scene can combine to make for one very frustrating and anger-filled environment.

Left unexpressed, anger can internalize and cause physical problems. Repressed anger can come out in passive aggressive behavior, depression, or in a negative outlook of life in general.

The key is to express anger in a constructive manner. Too many individuals channel their anger in destructive ways. When I was growing up we referred to it as the “kick the dog theory.” This theory basically said a person who gets in trouble with a boss in the work place can’t voice their anger at the boss. Instead they go home and for no reason kick the dog – definitely not the way to handle anger and frustration!

If you have an encounter in the work place and feel yourself getting angry you do have options in how you respond. We can’t always control what is happening around us, but we can control our reactions to what is happening.

Your options include learning how to express your anger in a manner that does not harm yourself or another person. These options take practice.

• Count to ten. It sounds like a cliché, but there are studies to back this practice up. When we’re angry, we use the emotional side of our brain. This is where the “four letter words” reside. Taking a minute to count to ten before you speak will bring you back into the rational side of your brain. The counting method also gives us sometime to calm down and is a distraction from what we reacted to.

• Sleep on it. While related to the first suggestion, this advice applies to situations when a decision is announced and your first reaction is anger. Allowing a little time between the announcement and your reaction can help by allowing all the facts to be presented. We often get angry first and discover later our fears never materialize.

• Write out your response. Sometimes it helps to write everything down. All the things you want to say but don’t feel you can. This is the version you keep in a private place or shred later. Write down all your thoughts, including the things you’d never say out loud to someone, then move to a more rational approach. Write down why or what upset you. Then write down how you can resolve the problem (remember you can’t harm yourself or others!)

• Exercise – We often feel an an adrenaline rush along with the feeling of anger. This is related to the fight or flight response. Taking a walk, or more strenuous exercise, can help your body process the rush you felt during the encounter,

In some cases the pattern of anger has gone on for so long, outside counseling is needed to help you live a healthier life. Your friends and family will also give you clues that you need help. Taking that first step can be scary, but well worth the rewards.

If you are a member of a faith community the clergy person may be a good resource for referrals. They can also offer practices within the framework of your faith system of how to work through anger. The American Psychological Association has a very helpful information on their web site about anger management, what it is, how to deal with it and when to seek outside help.

Additional reading:

What your Anger May be Hiding

Anger Management: Understanding Anger

Science of Anger: How Gender, Age and Personality Shape This Emotion

To learn more and for more information please visit: https://dorielgriggs.com/

About the Author (via LinkedIn Profile):

After a career in various public relations and marketing positions in college and professional sports and the hospitality industry, Dorie L. Griggs attended Columbia Theological Seminary, where she earned her Master of Divinity degree in 2002.

During her final year at Columbia, Dorie developed a model of chaplaincy for journalists who cover traumatic events. She has served as a volunteer with the Dart Center for Journalism and Trauma, an organization founded by Dr. Frank Ochberg, MD. She is the Chaplain for the Roswell, GA Fire Department.

Dorie served as the Communications Manager for the nonprofit, Faith And The City, from 2002-2004. In that capacity she produced the award-winning interfaith dialogue cable TV program, Faith And The City Forum.

She is the author of a self-care advice column for newspaper journalists, One-On-One, which appeared in the e-Letter of the Southern Newspaper Publishers Association in 2003-04.

Dorie completed a year as a chaplain resident through the clinical pastoral education (CPE) program at the Atlanta VA Medical Center in June of 2015. During her time at the VA Dorie received recognition for her work on the Surgical ICU team with the DAISY Team Award. She now serves on the Professional Advisory Group for the Office of Chaplain services at the AVAMC.

In April of 2014 Dorie was named the 2014 Pioneer in Ministry Award recipient by Columbia Theological Seminary in appreciation for her ministry of presence with journalists and for her support of parents of Citadel cadets. Read more here.

Memberships and organizations past and present: Parent Committee Chair, Atlanta Citadel Club; The International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies; The Ochberg Society for Trauma Journalism; a commissioned Stephen Minister and founding chair of the Military Ministry at Roswell Presbyterian Church; she was a committee chair for the Citadel Family Association, a support group for parents with cadets at The Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina. She is entering her 26th year as a press box volunteer with the Chick-fil-A Peach Bowl in Atlanta.

Her background in traumatic stress studies as well as being a Level II graduate of the Jeff Justice Comedy Workshoppe has helped her in her role as mother to 3 children: Nelson, a 2011 graduate of The Citadel, who recently left the Army as a captain in the U.S. Army, and is now working in Dallas, TX; Taylor the family comedian and bartender; and Chelle (pronounced Shelley) the actress of the family. Dorie is married to Stanley Leary, a freelance photographer.

You can contact Dorie here: dorie@dorielgriggs.com